Here’s an example: a customer buys $500 of paper plates. The customer received the $500 shipment, but $100 of the product was damaged. Your contract places risk of loss on the customer, so under the terms of sale, it’s the customer’s responsibility to file a claim with the carrier.
But what if it’s determined that the damage was done before the goods left your warehouse and the carrier isn’t at fault? Now you owe your customer a $100 credit. The credit memo should be issued immediately, should specifically refer to the soiled plates, and should include the amount, be dated, and be promptly entered into your billing system. Both the $500 invoice and the $100 credit memo will appear on the customer’s monthly statement.
Now let’s add a complication. During the same billing period, the customer either took an unearned discount or otherwise failed to pay an invoice in full. For example, a prior shipment of plates for $500 resulted in a check for $400. As with the credit memo for money you’re crediting to your customer’s account, you must promptly prepare and process a debit memo showing that $100 shortage so your customer knows exactly where it stands. Your paperwork remains accurate and organized, and you can document every entry on the customer’s statement of account.
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